Karl Marx- Manifesto of the Communist Party Essay

Karl Marx- Manifesto of the Communist Party - Essay Exampleried on an uninterrupted, nowadays hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a extremist constitute of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes (Marx).Accordingly, Karl Marx viewed societal structures as comprising effectively two components namely the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in asserting that our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however this distinct singularity it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two vast hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other - bourgeoisie and proletariat (Communist Manifesto, 1848).To this end, the underlying proposition of the Communist Manifesto is that the social class struggle under the capitalist social paradigm, whilst creating oppression of the proletarians, ultimately lends itself to the demise of capitalism through revolution. Indeed, Linklate r posits that the structure of world capitalism guaranteed the emergence of the first authentically universal class which would justify species from the consequences of estrangement between states and nations (In Devetak et al, 2007 66).Moreover, Larson et al refer to the argument that socialists embraced the task of working class mobilisation and that the perspectives which socialist theorists can be divided are revolutionary trade union activity and revolutionary transformation of capitalist society (Larson et al, 38).On the one hand, if we consider this in terms of the contemporary socio-economic framework unceasing evolution of social structures and demise of entrenched class barriers would suggest that Marxs bourgeoisie and proletariat class model may be redundant and therefrom should be viewed as solely contextually in terms of the socio-political backdrop influencing Marxs theory at the time (Bottomore 23).For example, Bottomore highlights that changes in working class po litical science during

Personal Fitness Notes Essay Example for Free

Personal Fitness Notes EssayWhy did you initially choose this nutrition? I chose this sustenance because it was recommended by a close friend of mines, who was also having trouble with his cargo. I told me that the meals provided in the diet were really delicious and he was eyesight an improvement. So I decided to give it a try.What is the basic premise of this diet/eating plan?The premise of the diet was to help me lose weightiness with entrees and snacks that contained not so oftentimes calories. What were two positive aspects of the diet? The positive aspects of the diet were that the food, which was sold as frozen entrees in supermarkets, was in fact amazing.Were in that respect any downsides to the diet plan? Explain.Did you have success on this diet? I saw moderate success. It didnt help me lose as much weight as I desired (I wanted to lose 50 pounds or more) but at least I shedded off a braces of pounds.Are you still on the diet plan? I am not on the diet pan as of now.Have you maintained your weight loss? Yes I have. I used to weigh 190 pounds and Im at 173.Do you feel the diet is safe? Why or why not? The diet is pretty safe because the caloric intake values are pretty decent and the meals are cost efficient.Did you exercise trance on the diet? I exercised here and there. I would go running a few times as well as bicycling.Would you follow this diet plan again? Maybe, in the near future.Tell us what you think about the diet used by your interviewee. Explain your thoughts in a thoughtfulness paragraph. Compare the diet plan used by the interviewee with the Long sweep up Approach that was explained earlier in the course. Which plan would you determine to be better? disport explain your choice. I think the diet was okay because she was able to purchase the meals for a low price instead of those other expensive diets. The Long Haul Approach would be a better diet since she didnt exercise daily while on it. I believe thats the reason why she didnt lose as much weight she wanted to in the first place. The Long Haul Approach wouldve been a much more trenchant diet for her.

Philosophy of Professional Nursing Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Professional Nursing EssayNursing as a profession includes a comprehensive strong cross out of principles, which should be understood and learned by each person, who decides to work in this field. Nursing philosophy, in my opinion, is not merely a philosophy of carative process, but as well specific view on the affected role. The present paper is designed to discuss my own tone-beginning to my profession and the related beliefs.Nursing first and foremost refers to wellness c be, so the major value in this profession is wellness. I define this term as a state of physical, psychological and spiritual well-being. Individuals not perpetually pay attention to their wellness, even though it substantially influences the quality of human life, so competent specialists are needed to help them understand the importance of wellness and lead them on their paths to positive individual and social functioning.As a nurse, or health care provided, I normally use Dunns approac h to health as to maximum wellness, which can be described as integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is unresolved within the environment where he is functioning (Smerke, 1989, p. 154). Individuals tend to engage in energy exchange with their environment and as well as seek to achieve vestibular sense in this process, or simply adapt to the environment. Although individuals strive to achieve balance and maximum functional status, they also actively seek new experiences that may disturb their balance at least temporarily (Smerke, 1989, p. 155).This means, it is also important to deal with the roots of health dysfunctions such as lifestyle, habits, negative influences of the closest environment, job stress and so forth I believe, each nurse is supposed to provide recommendations concerning the elimination or minimization of negative external influences and the development of healthy lifestyle, which increases prod uctivity and two physical and psychological balance.Thus, it is necessary to take a holistic approach to health (Andrews and Amphlett, 1995), which would include both the satisfaction of health-related needs and attention to the patients individuality, as the final goal of nurse is the maximization of well-being. Speaking about the view on client within the philosophy of professional nursing, it is important to line of products that the patient is a human being who has dignity, worth and the right to quality nursing care delivered with competence.The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the dignity and uniqueness of each individual with attention to the cultural and ethnic diversity of patients and their significant others (Smith, 1995, p. 11). Individuals operate in dissimilar environments, so different issues might influence their health. Attentive comprehend and compassion within the basic nursing care might have really therapeutic effects, which will appear motiv ating to both nurse and health care service user.In addition, mutual understanding between the patient and the nurse are necessary to develop a true partnership in the relationship (Andrews and Amphlett, 1995), this aspect especially relates to the work with children, who often have fear of health services, hospitals and specialists in the corresponding uniform and thus refuse to cooperate. The respect for patients dignity includes non-judgmental approach to the clients lifestyle and cultural sensitivity.The nurse is not entitled to be a spiritual teacher, and should be extensive enough to avoid accusing patients of their health problems, such professionals, as I believe, should rather inspire patients to develop healthy habits rather than demonstrating strong dissatisfaction. Nurses role is not limited to the assistance in carrying out doctors orders, as they are often supposed to make their own decisions, as the number of unpredicted and unexpected situations is huge in the spher e of health care.I deem, nurses should also be advocates for patients, as they deal with service users much more than closely than doctors and thus are welcome to suggest certain changes in the process of health care and discuss them with therapists (for instance, therapists not always notice that patients also require professional psychological counseling, so nurse should not hesitate to talk about this situation).I believe, nurses should also provide counseling in health care and, being prepared for work in the globalized society, they should take into consideration the clients cultural background and their personal values, through which it is easier to articulate the compulsion of adherence to certain recommendations.Furthermore, globalization also determines the need for social activity among nurses, as wellness and well-being might be threatened by unsatisfying living conditions like poverty, against which they are encouraged to act, creating unions and associations. Working in health care teams, nurses also act as managers and team leaders, with respect to their competencies and skills. In the new-fashioned society, nursing should rely upon the specialists professionalism, or the ability to use the skills, learned in the course of education, depending upon the situation.Professionalism also involves the responsibility for human life and health (Smith, 1993), as nurses often have much freedom in health services and thus should be flexible enough to apply the knowledge of diverse disciplines where they are relevant. I believe it is also necessary to renew and enrich the knowledge for his purpose, nursing includes the research of professional literature.To sum up, my own philosophy of nursing was developed to great extent owing to education (including self-training), as it was necessary to find out more about different approaches to health care and consider the set of principles, with which I am completely consistent and to which I can adhere as a spec ialist. My philosophical views, as one can conclude, are comprehensive, as I take into consideration such issues as holism in health care, professional contact with patients, nurses roles, multiculturalism and research.

Propylene Glycol as a Pharmaceutical Excipient in Pediatrics

propene Glycol as a pharmaceutic Excipient in PediatricsDisha PatelThe Utilization of propene Glycol as a Pharmaceutical Excipient in the Pediatric FieldAbstractAs a widely used excipient in pediatric formulations, propene dihydric alcohol functions as a solvent, emulsifier, humectant, and hygroscopic agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid whose properties enable it to have pharmacodynamic applications. Oftentimes, propene dihydric alcohol is combined with other mediations to enhance its penetration. For instance, a combination of 20% propylene diol and 5% lactic acid in a semiocculusive cream base is used as a highly subjective and well-tolerated keratolytic in patients with lamellar ichthyosis and possibly could be in unlike other hyperkeratotic diseases. Unfortunately, though to a lesser degree, this excipient is associated with unhealthful effects such as hyperosmolality, hemolysis, and lactic acidosis. Also, in concentrations greater than 10%, propylene glycol may act as an irritant in some patients (Health Effects 2). From a pharmacokinetic viewpoint, in that location is a potential of renal perniciousness associated with propylene glycol and lorazepam. The high concentration of propylene glycol contained in certain intravenous drug products, such as phenytoin, diazepam, digoxin, and etomidate, may induce thrombophlebitis. Here, the patients increased serum creatinine concentrations are likely to have resulted from exposure to propylene glycol due to lorazepam infusion. Serum osmolality and osmol gap may be useful markers for propylene glycol toxicity. Much like the above mentioned applications, through its chemical composition, propylene glycol has the ability to exert a beneficial effect on pediatric formulations (Webbook 5). founding propylene glycol, which is also known Propane-1,2-diol, is a colorless, viscous, organic liquid with a slightly sweet taste. This excipient is utilized in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations. Exampl es of pharmaceutical applications include healing(predicate) drugs such as vaccines, cough syrups, local anesthetics, antiseptics, vitamins, and hormones. It is produced through the fermentation of yeast and carbohydrates. Propylene glycol is industrially made from propylene oxide. It is made from either a catalytic or a non-catalytic method which exposes the propylene into extremes of temperature and a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali to yield propylene glycol for industrial purposes (Frequently Asked Questions about Propylene Glycol 1).It is concluded that, with extensive look into, this excipient is categorized as safe in the body. According to the Agency for Toxic mettles Disease Registry, in the body, under conditions of normal low exposure, propylene glycol is quickly metabolized and excreted. Its metabolic pathway is comparable to that of sugar propylene glycol is quickly converted into lactic acid, similar to what happens with the energy in the muscles when exerci sing. Afterwards, the lactic acid is excreted via urine (Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews 2). Surprisingly, from a toxicological point of view, alcohol is more than toxic than propylene glycol. Propylene glycol has been used safely for more than 50 years in a greathearted variety of applications. As a result, it is effectively used in prescription medications such amoxicillin (500 mg), clindamycin hydrochloride (150 mg 300 mg), gabapentin (300 mg), lyrica (50 g 75 mg), and omeprazole (20 mg) (Result Filters 4).Through statistical data, it is overwhelmingly evident that at that place is a continually growing market for propylene glycol. According to the IHS website, United States (19%), Western Europe (39%), Japan (17%), and China (80%) had the largest consumption (Inactive Ingredients in Pharmaceutical Products 5). Since it has been turn out safe with a relative low toxicity level, it is projected that the consumption of propylene glycol will ri se (IHS Home Page 4).The Effects of Propylene Glycol in PediatricsPharmaceutical medications are composed of two very essential brokers active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients. The purpose of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a drug is to elicit a specific therapeutic effect on the patient. Specifically, when the drug is consumed, it will exert a necessary effect on the body in order to produce an ideal outcome the therapeutic reception (TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR PROPYLENE GLYCOL 3). The component of the drug is the excipient, which is an placid ingredient utilized for possible multifunctional usage. For instance, an excipient can be binders, coatings, diluents, disintegrants, fillers, flavors, colors, lubricants, glidants, sorbents, preservatives, sweeteners, and solubilizing agents. Oftentimes, they do acquire some extent of therapeutic acclivity, though less than the API. Similar to many other drugs, propylene glycol functions both, as an API and excipien t-an indication that multiple functions can have multiple benefits (AccessMedicine 41168448 2).Additionally, medications are tailored to a specific age group to maximize the therapeutic effect for the patient. Therefore, criteria for an ideal drug for the pediatric population will undoubtedly differ from the criteria for the geriatric population. Routes of administration suitable for pediatrics include oral, topical, rectal, inhalation, injectable and drop (eye, ear, and nose). Propylene glycol enters the body as an alcohol and metabolizes in the bodys enzyme pathways. These pathways do not mature in humans until 12 to 30 months of age. proper judgment when administering a propylene glycol-based formulation to neonates is crucial in order to prevent potential complications (PubChem 1).In comparison to adults, new born babies have a propylene glycol half-life of 16.9 hours rather than a significantly lower 5 hour half-life for adults. In one study, the use a multivitamins whose lim it included propylene glycol resulted in serum osmolality in low-birth-weight premature babies. However, in another research activity, phenobarbital injections containing propylene glycol were deemed to have an unimportant effect on the osmolar gap (AccessMedicine 40400741 4). A higher amount of propylene glycol delivered per dose, such as 3 grams, is known to cause more seizures in infants, in comparison to those receiving lesser amounts per dose, such as 300 mg. In a population of 262 patients treated for burns, roughly 3 percent were the result of topical propylene glycol which resulted in hyperosmolality (Potential Safety Concerns with the Large Amount of Propylene Glycol 2).Since propylene glycol is a liquid excipient, it affects the gastrointestinal tract. However, studies of people and animals march that if you have repeated eye, skin, nasal, or oral exposures to propylene glycol for a short time, you may develop some irritation. Furthermore, extensive studies performed hav e concluded that there are no severe risks of propylene glycol in infants. Thus, it is assumed to be safe if consumed in moderation. The oral liquid formulation also illustrates a high compliance rate amongst infants. Simple considerations such as route of administration and effective concentrations can help achieve a therapeutic response (AccessMedicine 40400741 6).The chemical composition of propylene glycol is relatively simple alcohol groups with a hydrocarbon backbone. To an extent, this simplistic structure plays a broad role in various applications ranging from industrial to pharmaceutical uses. Generally, neonates can be exposed to propylene glycol orally or topically. Absorption through oral intake is significantly more effective than on the skin. Once propylene glycol reaches the site of action, it is rapidly metabolized and subsequently excreted (A-Z Index 9). In the blood stream, the half-life of the excipient is approximately 2-4 hours in adults. However, in neonates, i t is drastically longer (17 hours). Pertaining to its mechanism of action, it is further metabolized to lactate which is further metabolized to pyruvate, carbon dioxide, and water. Through utilization of the gluconeogenic pathway, glucose is formed. Even though the guard the propylene is apparent, extremely large exposures to propylene glycol have the potential to result in lactic acidosis and hyperosmotic changes in the blood (Health Effects 4).Extensive research has provided sufficient evidence on the safety and quality of this excipient. To begin, numerous sources indicate that propylene glycol has a dramatically low degree of toxicity. It is associated with moderately low concern for acute toxicity by ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. There have been reports of altered nervous system function because of high oral exposure to propylene. Normal metabolism of this excipient can be negatively affected through blood pH and osmotic changes. Furthermore, animal studies also con firm the relative low risk of propylene glycol (Webbook 2). For example, a longitudinal study performed on rodents with extremely high exposures to the excipient presented no indication of adverse effects. Consequently, a similar study performed on cats illustrated hematological changes. High aerosol concentrations inhaled by rats caused minor nasal and ocular signs that may have been due to mild irritation or drying effects of propylene glycol on mucose membranes. On a positive note, there is no correlation to cancer from the use of propylene glycol (AccessMedicine 45774923 1).Pharmacological Profile of Propylene GlycolPropylene glycol, with a formula C3H8O2, is readily miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. In reference to its structure, it contains an asymmetrical carbon atom, so it has two enantiomers. Since the commercial product is a racemic mixture, pure ocular enantiomers can be achieved by the hydration of optically pure propylene oxide. Upon the mixture of propyl ene glycol and water, the freezing point of water is drastically depressed. Because of this, it is used as a de-icing fluid for vehicles. With the exception of ethylene glycol, glycols are generally known to be non-corrosive and have low volatility and toxicity. Even with the strict criteria conventional for pediatrics, propylene glycol satisfies the requirements for safe administration to pediatric patients (A-Z Index 5).Furthermore, it is derived from propylene oxide and its production methods include either catalytic- proceeds at 150 C to 180 C in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali, or non-catalytic- high-temperature process at cc C to 220 C (IHS Home Page 3).Even though this paper focuses mainly on propylene glycols purpose as an excipient in pediatric formulations, it has an overwhelmingly degree of other applications. A certain amount (45%) is used as chemical feedback for the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins. Chemically speaking, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. Continuing further crosslinking, thermoset plastics are produced from the unsaturated polymers. Similarly, propylene glycol also reacts with propylene oxide to produce oligomers as well as polymers that are utilized to form polyurethanes (Frequently Asked Questions about Propylene Glycol 2).As proven be multiple research articles, this excipient is proven safe. The extent of safety is measured by plasma concentration Serious toxicity generally occurs only at plasma concentrations over 1 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time. However, there is always an uncertainty and accidental occurrences. For instance, rare cases of propylene glycol poison were largely related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of enormously large quantities by children (Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet 9).Conclu sionAs proven through this research paper, propylene glycol is an effective ingredient for pediatric use. Since there was no established linkage between cancer and its use, it is popular for multiple uses. Several considerations should be utilized in formulating pediatric medications-specifically, the ingredients in the formulation. With its multiple uses, propylene glycol is well-suited for children for its safety and effectiveness. Like all ingredients, propylene glycol may produce adverse effects in the patient, but drastically less harmful than others. Since an enormous criterion must be consumed before toxicity level is reached, it is well suited for children. With viscous properties, upon consumption, it has the potential to elicit a faster therapeutic effect on the patient. Therefore, it is both potent and efficacious. In all, this ingredient proves to be a significant element to the overall formulation of a medication, regardless of the age group targeted (Webbook 5).Biblio graphyA-Z Index. ATSDR. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=1120tid=240.Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews. AccessData. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=scogsListingid=262.Frequently Asked Questions about Propylene Glycol. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.propylene-glycol.com/uploads/PropyleneGlycolAdvocacybrochure.pdf.Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. New Jersey Department of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/3595.pdf.Health Effects. ATSDR. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp189-c2.pdf.InactiveIngredients in Pharmaceutical Products Update (Subject Review). Peditrics. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/99/2/268.fullsec-11.Potential Safety Concerns with the Large Amount of Propylene Glycol. Natap. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//w ww.natap.org/2000/may/potential_safety051500.htm.Propylene Glycol. PubChem. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=1030.Propylene Glycol. Webbook. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57556Mask=8.Propylene Glycols. IHS Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.ihs.com/products/chemical/planning/ceh/propylene-glycols.aspx.Result Filters. National pith for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14524641.St. Johns University Academics Schools Libraries. AccessMedicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.jerome.stjohns.edu/content.aspx?bookid=348sectionid=40381672jumpsectionID=40400741.St. Johns University Academics Schools Libraries. AccessMedicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.jerome.stjohns.edu/content.aspx?bookid=388sectionid=45764289jumpsecti onID=45774923.St. Johns University Academics Schools Libraries. AccessMedicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.jerome.stjohns.edu/content.aspx?bookid=392sectionid=41138958jumpsectionID=41168448.TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR PROPYLENE GLYCOL. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp189.pdf.

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing Essay

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing EssayThe acquisition of the two global brands- Jaguar and reduce sc issueer acts in a crucial way to increase and develop the brand re drawation and the quality of products for Tata Motors. It provides plenty of luck to the Indian consumer and the developing Indian car commercialise merchant ship also help the launch of brands in the long-term. It weed reap economies of scale through component sourcing and low cost engineering.WeaknessWith divergent product portfolios for both(prenominal) brands it will be a challenging task ahead to trade the same(p) in the price sensitive Indian market. still this could be overcome through proper market research. Another concern is the diminishing image over overdue to the continued losses and a de make execution force due to the change in management. With right training and incentives and proper marketing strategies the company can convert these negatives to strengths.Opport unitiesThis launch is a great opportunity for the Indian customer and target the growing Indian market. Automobile market is developing in India and placed with launch of Nano, Tata Motors will be in a good position capture a big share of the market.ThreatsIncreasing fuel prices combined with global meltdown will be a argufy for the company to stay afloat and over come the losses. In addition the strong competition can threaten the expected sales of the company. However the infixed financial and managerial strength of the conglomerate should be able to let the company withstand the challenges and move ahead. A danger that remains is that with the parvenu ownership international brand loyalties may change and customers may move towards other models in the market.Ansoff MatrixThe Ansoff Matrix is an analytical tool that helps managers to devise their product and market growth strategies. It consists of four growth strategies namely- Market penetration, Market Development under ne w and vivacious and markets AND Product development, Diversification under new and alive products.2Ansoff Matrix- be productNew productExisting marketMarket penetrationThis outline mainly applies for those businesses that focus on conveying existing products in the existing markets. It is a low- essay strategy and helps to increase the market share of its current products.3Product developmentThis strategy involves businesses aiming to sell new products in existing markets. This strategy is also a movement for acquiring another company as the costs of starting another company can be saved and distinguishable types of customers can be catered. This strategy is also recyclable for businesses using brand expansion strategies.4New marketMarket DevelopmentThis method serves for those businesses that apply the strategy of selling existing products into newer markets.5Such techniques are used by businesses that plan to expand their business and attain higher customer base.Diversifi cationIt refers to the high risk growth strategy that involves a business marketing new products in new markets. Parent companies can benefit from having a presence in a range of products and markets in different regions of the world.6Market Penetration-Tata could continue with the same strategy that it had adopted for the UK for the rest of world. The estate, coupe and open saloon models of Jaguar and the Freelander and Range scouter pas seul of fetch Rover selling in the existing markets UK can help them to gain profits and increase in sales in other markets due to the reputation of the brands.For the new models that are planned to launch, promoting and advertising can be a good choice for the unanimouss to maintain their position in the market and to pass more consumers and build customer loyalty. Tata Indica and other commercial vehicles like Tata Ace are examples of Tatas market penetration strategy that exist in the existing markets and are still earning them great profit s.Market DevelopmentTata Motors have applied this strategy to this launch plan as they are already beginning to sell the most famous and highly appreciated products of both the brands such as the XF, XK and XJ models of Jaguar and Defender, Discovery, Range Rover Sport and Range Rover models of Land Rover in the Indian market that is completely new for both the firms. Also, while the other long and short-term plans are being strategized, these products can help the firm to have a great introduction to the market and the reviews can help the business in planning for their future types of products. Establishing popularity and brand loyalty with successful products can be a good option for the firm to begin with in India.Product Development-Tata Motors are launching the smallest car the famed Tata Nano in the Indian markets which is a new product by the firm and launched in existing markets of India and other countries where Tata Motors operate. This car can be useful for the firm as t hey can easy generate profits through this product as well as their brand name. Also, the firm can compete with other businesses in the same market with the help of these products. Tata Starbus and Tata Xover are other new products that have been launched by Tata Motors in India and other existing markets of Tata Motors.Diversification-The new products planned by Tata Motors through the Jaguar and Land Rover brands can be categorized in diversification. The company plans of manufacturing hybrid, electric and bio-fuels based and environmental friendly cars with the help of latest technology through both of these brands which can be useful in boosting the brand image of the firm. Also, there may be an increase in the profits of the firm as the hybrid cars are said to be the future of automobiles in lay to save the earth from pollution. These new products launched in the new markets of India and others can be termed as diversify strategy of the firm. Tata Nano can also be included i n this strategy as it is also a new product and is planned to be launched into new markets of African and Asian countries.Asset led marketingAsset led marketing is a strategy that is adopted by the business for the sales of their products or services. Here, the firm uses its intangible assets for introducing a new product in the market. Tata Motors is a well-established and well-known firm and a part of the parent company Tata and Sons. Thus, in order to launch its products or services in the market and start off with immediate sales and profits, Tatas can use this which may even be applicable for launching the two automobile brands. Tata Motors have been in the news for past several months due to the launch of the worlds cheapest car in India- Tata Nano make by their own company. Simultaneously launching two brands can help Tatas in gaining a lot of customer attention and thus a larger customer base. The well established and elegant brands with the giant prestige of Tata Motors ca n help the firms in garnering huge amounts of profits and gaining control over their competitors.Evaluation The biggest return of this acquisition is that the firm might see an increase in sales of the cars due to both firms worldwide luxury brand reputation and also due to the services and quality provided by the cars.But at the same time, the number of competitors in the booming automobile market of India has increased and finding their way out to satisfy the customers with different marketing strategies can be very costly for the firm.Tata Motors can implement various strategies such as advertising and also, various schemes can be used which guarantee consumer satisfaction and can also prove to be a part of customer attraction. These strategies can prove to be useful in boosting the brand image and the sales of the company as well.Short- term problems faced by the firm may be the recovering of the costs that has been put into the acquisition and the launch of Jaguar and Land Rov er cars. The high manufacturing costs of Tata Motors, Jaguar and Land Rover might prove to be another reason for the losses in the accounts of the Tata Motors. The long-term problems can be an increase in competition as the Indian automobile market is developing at a rapid rate. If the company suffers losses, then there might be the need for job redundancies, thus leading to worker de-motivation.ConclusionTo conclude, the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover brands may be risky due to the global slowdown but Tata Motors with its brand name and established presence in India can stick with in the long run.Tata Group, a huge multinational giant worldwide can capitalize through cross-subsidization. I think that by promoting the products and launching it on with Tata Nano will be useful as each can be a backup for the other in the future. The workforce can be motivated through good learning experience as they may have access to the technology used in manufacturing these premium cars bu t at the same time, if the products fail to create a mark on customers, the workers may feel insecure as job redundancies may be adopted by Tata Motors to try with their own financial portfolio.Bibliography-http//uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE55R0LK20090628?pageNumber=2virtualBrandChannel=0http//www.autoblogs.in/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launch-india.htmlhttp//free-sms-mms.blogspot.com/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launched-in.htmlhttp//www.zeenews.com/news542730.htmlhttp//sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14790692http//www.businessworld.in/index.php/In-The-News/Rough-Roads-Ahead.htmlhttp//business.outlookindia.com/inner.aspx?articleid=1225subcatgid=611editionid=36catgid=44http//www.tata.in/media/reports/inside.aspx?artid=r8CuZiHSZ2o=http//money.rediff.com/companies/tata-motors-ltd/10510008/profit-and-losshttp//www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/profit-loss/TM03http//www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/balance-sheet/TM03http//www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tat amotors/ratios/TM03http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motors

Brake Caliper: Part and Functionality

stop Caliper Part and FunctionalityCaliper is inarguably the most crucial part of a braking system in any kind of Brake assembly, be it a handed-down Drum Brake setup or the more modern Disc Brake assembly. The measure acts as an interface amongst the drivers action to stop a moving vehicle and the reaction of the vehicles oscillation to this action. Hence, a caliper sees both- The action and the reaction.The of using the atomic number 18 as follows High corroding resistance, Good machinability, Good flow characteristics, Lower densityThe caliper in itself does not stop a moving wheel but it houses a set of brake shoes which press against the rotors of a wheel and stop them by creating friction. The pressing of the brake shoes takes place receivable to a hydraulic set-up consisting of pistons on the caliper which push the brake fluid which in turn pressurises the brake shoes.As the primary purpose of the caliper is to murder load onto the brake shoes and to load them, it is essential that the caliper be a rigid part. As a result, calipers have been following the usage of traditional load bearing materials like Cast Iron, Forged steel, etc. However as every rigid part in an automobile comes with an opportunity to ease free weighting, some research is being carried out in order to reduce the weight of the caliper sequence retaining its characteristic to carry and transfer sufficient load.Brake CaliperCurrent MaterialIn this direction of weight save, aluminum is being employed in the devise and development of a brake caliper. By nature, aluminium has lower density (2.7 g/cm3) as compared to ductile Iron (7.8 g/cm3). This conversion to aluminium has saved weight upto 40 percent. Comparison between Traditional Vs Current MaterialThe design and performance criteria for the caliper castings are stiffness, dimensional rigidity and temperature and fatigue life. The aluminium alloys which are mainly considered for calipers are A354 and A357 alloys.The caliper s in the brake system are currently made of Aluminium alloys consisting 7-10% Silicon, 0.15-0.2 % Ferrous, 0.05-2% Copper, 0.03-0.1% Manganese, 0.4-0.6% Magnesium, 0.1% Zinc, 0.2% Titanium.Table Composition of Aluminium Alloys (A354A357)Aluminium 354 has higher copper percentage when compared to Aluminium 357 indeed so eutectic change. The rate of corrosion of the Aluminium 354 is higher as compared to Aluminium 357. Both the alloys undergo Boron Nitride Coating where A354 show higher elongation over A357.This means that choosing 357 over 354 is a break in choice for our desired part Brake Caliper.Drawbacks of the Current MaterialOne main drawback of using this material for self-propelling applications is its low Fatigue strength which is of extreme importance in a load bearing part like Caliper. This issue has to be addressed while selecting a new material.Proposed materialMagnesium Alloy (AZ91)Magnesium is one of the lightest materials with density 1.74g/cm3, compared to Alumin ium and Ductile Iron. Magnesium is the most commonly used alloying member as sea water has 0.3% which is considered as the major source.The major alloying materials used for the proposed material AZ91 are8.5-9.5% Aluminium,0-45-1%, Zinc,0.05-0.1%,Silicon, upto 0.03% Copper,0.02%Nickel and 0.05%Ferrous.Chemical Composition of Magnesium Alloy AZ91Minimizing the weight of a caliper leads to the reduction of unsprung weight of the car therefore improving the fuel efficiency and heat dissipation. As the alloy is softer, it has high damping capacity and reliable impact resistance.Physical Properties of AZ91Mechanical Properties of AZ91Fig.Thermal ConductivityThe thermal conductivity of AZ91 is comparatively low with the other Magnesium alloys which reduces overheating of the brake fluid decreasing the problems associated with it.Fig. crowning(prenominal) Tensile Strength Vs Strain RateComparison chart of Specific Stiffness and strength of the materialsThe specific stiffness of Magnesiu m is considerably equal to that of Aluminium whereas the specific strength is higher in Magnesium. Due to the increase in strength, fatigue resistance increases due to high Magnesium content. Brake Caliper take high Bending stiffness which is greater in AZ91 because of high elastic modulus. Low melting temperature of Magnesium leads to longer die life. Magnesium displays higher corrosion resistance than aluminium when it is coated with Phosphate-Permanganate and Zinc-Nickel alloys. Though the cost is more than the former, it can be used because of high bending stiffness as well as lighter mass which results in good functioning of the vehicle.Magnesium Alloy (AZ91) is lower in density than Aluminium Alloy (AL3XX) thereby reducing the weight (33% lighter) and improving the efficiency of the vehicle. It displays high strength, modulus of elasticity, heat dissipation and castability when compared to AL3XX.Magnesium alloys also exhibit better nature when exposed to physical loading like better damping capability and lesser elongation at failure loading.

The Green Mile by Stephen King :: Movies Film

The Green Mile by Stephen King is the story of military personnel with god-given powers of healing sentenced to conclusion and the change he cause in the prison guards. The themes of compassion and sacrifice can be seen in this novel. The theme of compassion is very(prenominal) much a part of this book. One part especially shows this truth. Percy, a prison guard, crushes a death row prisoners pet mouse, which the prisoner loved more(prenominal) than life itself. This cruel execution displays Percys extreme lack of compassion and how little he cares about other people. Also, this action blazes the way for another heartless act of ruthlessness. When Percy is scheduled to be the executioner on death row, he accidentally does something wrong. Instead of taking the standard precautions to make death by the electric chair swift and painless, his mistake makes the death of Eduard Delacroix go slowly and painfully. After causing this agonizing death, Percy gets what he deserves and is n ever mentioned again. When a towering black man named tail end Coffey is sentenced to death by the electric chair, the prison guards assume that he was as guilty as any death row prisoner. But later, they start to call up that he is being punished for a crime which he did not commit. They learn that he was found holding two dead girls and thought to corroborate killed them. The truth was that he was trying to use his god-given gift of healing to save the murdered children. The prison guards made it their mission to keep John Coffey from experiencing the cruel death which so many before had faced. They had a plan for Coffeys salvation all worked out. Surprisingly, when they asked Coffey if he wanted to escape, he replied that he could not stand all the adversity and hate going on in the world, and that he wanted to die.